Dihydrofolate reductase-like protein inactivates hemiaminal pharmacophore for self-resistance in safracin biosynthesis

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a housekeeping enzyme in primary metabolism, has been extensively studied as a model of acid-base catalysis and a clinic drug target. Herein, we investigated the enzymology of a DHFR-like protein SacH in safracin (SAC) biosynthesis, which reductively inactivates hemiaminal pharmacophore-containing biosynthetic intermediates and antibiotics for self-resistance. Furthermore, based on the crystal structure of SacH-NADPH-SAC-A ternary complexes and mutagenesis, we proposed a catalytic mechanism that is distinct from the previously characterized short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases-mediated inactivation of hemiaminal pharmacophore. These findings expand the functions of DHFR family proteins, reveal that the common reaction can be catalyzed by distinct family of enzymes, and imply the possibility for the discovery of novel antibiotics with hemiaminal pharmacophore.

Effects of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on dentine adhesion and the recovery application of sodium erythorbate / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Root canal therapy is the most effective and common method for pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. During the root canal preparation, chemical irrigation plays a key role. However, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the widely used irrigation fluid, may impact the bonding strength between dentin and restorative material meanwhile sterilization and dissolving. Therefore, it's important to explore the influence of NaOCl on the adhesion between dentin and restoration materials to ensure clinical efficacy. This study aims to explore the effect of NaOCl on dentine adhesion and evaluate the effect of dentine adhesion induced by sodium erythorbate (ERY), and to provide clinical guidance on dentin bonding after root canal therapy.@*METHODS@#Seventy freshly complete extracted human third molars aged 18-33 years old, without caries and restorations were selected. A diamond saw was used under running water to achieve dentine fragments which were divided into 10 groups with 14 fragments in each group: 2 control [deionized water (DW)±10% ERY] and 8 experimental groups (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY). The dentine specimens in the control group (treated with DW) and the experimental groups (treated with 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl) were immersed for 20 min using corresponding solutions which were renewed every 5 min. The other 5 groups were immersed in 10% ERY for 5 min after an initial washing with DW for 1 min. Then, we selected 4 dentine fragments from all 14 fragments in each group and the numbers and diameters of opening dentinal tubules were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The other 10 dentine fragments from each group were used to make adhesive samples by using self-etch adhesive wand composite resin. All the above adhesive samples were sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface into 20 slabs with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm×1 mm using a diamond saw under the cooling water, and then the morphology of 10 slabs in each group's bonding interface was observed from aspects of formation of resin tags, depth of tags in dentin, and formation of hybrid layer under SEM. The other 10 slabs of each group's microtensile bond strength and failure modes were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules gradually increased with the rise of concentration of NaOCl solution (all P<0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules increased after using ERY, but without significant difference (all P>0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, the scores of formation of resin tags under SEM gradually increased with the increase of concentration of NaOCl solution, while the score in the 5.25% NaOCl group decreased significantly compared with the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups (all P>0.05). The scores of length of the tags under SEM in the 5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than the scores of DW, 0.5% NaOCl, and 1% NaOCl groups (all P<0.05), and it was also higher than the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group, but without significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups (P>0.05). The scores of formation of hybrid layer under SEM in the 2.5% NaOCl and 5.25% NaOCl groups significantly decreased compared with the score of the DW group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups (all P<0.05). Microtensile bond strength was greater in the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, but lower in the 5.25% NaOCl group than that in the DW group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups (all P<0.05). The incidence of type "Adhesive" of failure modes in the 5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than that in other groups (all P<0.05), while the incidence of type "Adhesive" in the 5.25% NaOCl+10% ERY group was lower than that in the 5.25% NaOCl group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The bonding strength to dentine increases with the increase of NaOCl concentration when the concentration lower than 2.5%; whereas it is decreased at a higher concentration (such as 5.25%). 10% ERY has a definite recovery effect on attenuated bonding strength to 5.25% NaOCl-treated dentine.

Effects of posterior internal fixation combined with transpedicular bone grafting on osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of posterior internal fixation combined with transpedicular bone grafting in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures.Methods:Clinical data of 92 elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures were retrospectively analyzed.According to the operation method, patients were divided into the control group(n=38)and the observation group(n=54). The control group received the conventional posterior approach and short-segment transpedicular fixation, and the observation group underwent transpedicular fusion in addition to the treatment the control group received.Surgery quality metrics, clinical effects and postoperative recovery were compared between the two groups.Results:The operation time and bleeding volume were higher in the observation group than in the control group( P<0.05). The bone fusion rate was higher and the failure rate of internal fixation was lower in the observation group than in the control group(96.3% vs.78.9%, 3.7% vs.15.8%, χ2=6.929 and 4.103, all P<0.05). The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score(JOA score)increased in both groups after operation( Ftime=47.628, P<0.05). The increase of the JOA score( Finteraction=4.477, P<0.05)and the overall JOA score( Fgroup=5.638, P<0.05)were greater in the observation group than in the control group.The Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)index in both groups decreased with time( Ftime=72.581, P<0.05). The decrease of the ODI index( Finteraction=7.421, P<0.05)and the overall ODI( Fgroup=9.276, P<0.05)were higher in the observation group than in the control group.The visual analogue scale(VAS)score in both groups decreased with time( Ftime=93.157, P<0.05). The decreases of the VAS score( Finteraction=9.473, P<0.05)and the overall VAS( Fgroup=13.272, P<0.05)score were greater in the observation group than in the control group.The Frankel nerve function grade was better in the observation group than in the control group 12 months after operation( z=2.123, P<0.05). Conclusions:Posterior internal fixation combined with transpedicular bone grafting can help improve nerve function, reduce postoperative pain, and has a high bone fusion rate and a low failure rate of internal fixation.

Effective Forms, Additive Effect, and Toxicities Scattering Effect of Pharmacodynamic Substances of TCMs Some Reflections Evoked by the Study on the Metabolic Disposition of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The blood concentrations of the pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are usually very low. How can they exert pharmacological actions, in which forms (original form, metabolite or the both) do they exert the actions. To answer these questions, we proposed a new concept ofEffective Formsof pharmacodynamic substances of TCMs and a hypothesis of additive effect of multiple constituents of TCMs. The hypothesis includes that the aggregate or summation of Effective Forms of pharmacodynamic substances of TCMs is the core material base of the effi-cacy of TCMs, and the additive effect of the blood concentrations of different Effective Forms is one part of the action mechanism. The additive effect of the different Effective Forms of a TCMs means an additive effect of numerous con-stituents or/and metabolites on a same target, and therefore the efficacy brought by the addition of the concentrations of all these compounds, which different from the synergy effect of multi-constituents on multi-targets. Studies on the disposition of TCMs showed that a constituent can be biotransformed to many metabolites (up to more than 50 metabolites);different constituents can produce the same metabolites;many metabolites (up to 10 compounds for each metabolite) are isomers or homologues; some constituents can be converted to each other in vivo; and some metabolites are bioactive. These com-pounds having the similar structure are likely to have the same pharmacological effects on the same target, which could provide experimental evidences for the concept ofEffective Formsand the hypothesis ofAdditive Effect. We suggest that the Effective Forms and Additive Effects of the pharmacodynamic substances of TCMs should be extensively investi-gated in the future, and the results of such researches will help us further understand the pharmacodynamic substances and action mechanism of TCMs, and give a new explanation 'Toxicities Scattering Effect' for 'Why the toxicities of TCMs are low', and propose a new strategy for quality control of TCMs.

Changes of anti-thyroid drug on bone mineral density and bone turnover parameters in patients with Graves disease / 中华全科医师杂志

To explore the changes of anti-thyroid drug (ATD) on bone mineral density and bone turnover parameters in patients with Graves disease (GD).Compared with the healthy controls during the same period,the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and bone gla protein (BGP) in GD patients significantly increased at pre-treatment and after normal thyroid by treatment (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).AKP and BGP of GD patients reduced to normal level at Month 6 after normal thyroid (P ＞ 0.05) ; BMD significantly decreased at pre-treatment and Month 12 after normal thyroid (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).And it dropped to normal level at Month 18 (P ＞ 0.05).GD could affect bone metabolism and thyroid hormone might accelerate bone metabolism directly.

Endoscopic transnasal approach for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma without arterial embolism / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of endoscopic resection without arterial embolism for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and the strategy of decreasing the bleeding during the operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of twenty-five cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were retrospective analyzed, including 3 cases of Radowski stageIIa, 5 cases of stageIIb, 4 cases of stageIIc and with 13 cases of stage IIIa. All cases did not receive the arterial embolism, and controlled hypotension were adopted under endoscopic transnasal approach during the tumor resection. Two cases were added the labiogingival incision. During the operation, under the opening vision, cutting out the outside of the infratemporal fossa, and the pterygoid process to adequate exposure the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa.Early recognition of anatomical landmarks and establish the safety plane, along the periphery of the tumor to proceed with micro-separation, early blocking tumor nutrient vessels, en bloc resection of the tumor and some other ways to reduce bleeding and tumor resection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Amount of bleeding during operation was 600-1500 ml, none of them had internal carotid artery injury and intracranial injury or some other complication.Follow-up 2-3 years was available in all patients, except 1 case with residual of tumor surrounding the optic nerve, the other 24 cases had no residual tumor and relapses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The preoperative occlusion and artery ligation may not be needed.Surgical technique is the key to reduce blood loss, and it is feasible to have endoscopic resection of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with proper operating technique.</p>

Trans-sphenoid sinus-clivus endoscopic management of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the endoscopic management of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma through trans-sphenoid sinus-clivus approach.@*METHOD@#One case of right-side petrous apex cholesterol granuloma were undertaken surgical treatment through trans-sphenoid sinus-clivus approach, then the possibility of any other approach and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.@*RESULT@#The operation was success without any complications. Patient's hearing was recovered and tinnitus vanished. The patient was discharge from hospital at the third day after operation, and followed up for four month without recurrence.@*CONCLUSION@#Trans-sphenoid sinus clivus endoscopic management of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma is effective and safe. The operators can monitor internal carotid artery then to access to the diseased region with reducing risk.

The clinical analysis and treatment of facial paralysis caused by temporal bone tumors / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical features, pathologic characteristics and treatments of the facial paralysis caused by temporal bone tumors.@*METHOD@#Retrospective analyzed the 23 clinical data of peripheral facial paralysis caused by temporal bone tumors, including 11 cases of facial nerve tumor: facial nerve neurilemmoma in 8 cases, facial nerve neurofibroma in 3 cases; 12 cases of temporal bone malignant tumor: temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma in 9 cases, chondrosarcoma in 1 case, rhabdomyosarcoma in 2 cases. All the patients accepted the CT scan examination and MRI examination. Twenty-three cases were surgically treated: facial nerve tumor resection were performed in 11 cases, among those, through mastoid approach in 7 cases, combined mastoid with middle cranial fossa approach in 3 cases, combined mastoid with parotid approach in 2 cases. Eight cases underwent facial nerve graft following the surgical removal of tumors. Twelve cases were temporal bone malignant tumor resection: among those, extended mastoidotympanectomy in 5 cases, subtotal temporal bone resection in 6 cases, total temporal bone resection in 1 case, all were treated by radiotherapies after surgeries.@*RESULT@#Whether the tumors go along the facial nerve in imaging is the major identification method to identify the facial nerve tumors or no-facial nerve tumors. During the 3-8 years follow-up, 10 patients who were totally removed the facial nerve tumor were no recurrence, 1 patient had tumors present. The recurrence rate of temporal bone malignancy was 41. 7% (5/12), 5 cases of Stell stage T2 and 5 cases of stage T3. The 5-year survival rate was 66.7% (8/12).@*CONCLUSION@#Most of facial nerve tumors that cause the facial palsy are benign, and no-facial nerve tumors are most common among the malignant tumors. CT and MRI films are valuable for the diagnosis. Operation is the major treatment, the manner of the operation bases on the type and the extent of the tumors. Facial nerve grafting can improve the facial neurological function after the tumor excision. Malignancy should be treated by combination of operation and radiotherapy, etc.

Application of early rehabilitation treatment for patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury of knee undergoing artbroscopic reconstruction / 中华全科医师杂志

A total of 74 patients undergoing arthroscopic reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury from January 2007 to September 2009 were randomly divided into the treatment and control groups.The treated patients started training at day 1 post-operation while the controls had initial external plaster fixation for 4 - 6 weeks followed by supporting devices with active and passive functional exercises of knee flexion and extension.All Lysholm scores in two groups were better at Month 12 than those at Month 3 [(93.8±2.7)vs.(81.8±4.2),(80.0±7.6) vs.(75.2±4.2); t=2.85,P＜0.0l,t=2.16,P＜0.05,respectively].The scores in the treatment group achieved better curative effects than those in the control group at Months 3,6 and 12 (P ＜0.01 ) ; Early and standard rehabilitation training for the patients with ACL injury of knee after reconstruction will facilitate the recovery of knee joint fumction.

Surveys on resources and varieties on Chinese markets of crude drug mahuang / 中国中药杂志

Many species of the genus Ephedra plants are used as Chinese traditional medicines, in Chinese which are known as "Mahuang" (Ephedrae Herba). In order to get a clear picture of resources distribution and varieties on Chinese markets of the crude drug Mahuang and provide scientific basis for their resource conservation and sustainable use, during recent years we conducted field investigations and market researches many times. The results showed that the most common species on the Chinese markets was E. sinica (33/38 commercial samples), followed by E. intermedia (5/38 commercial samples), which was also used in local clinics in Qing-hai, Gansu and Xinjiang province, no E. equisetina was found in the market. We noticed that the resources of both official and non-official plants of Mahuang, especially Zhong-Mahuang and Muzei-Mahuang, were seriously damaged in the past decade because of the ecological environment damage and over-digging. Zhong-Mahuang was distinguished in Ningxia and north Gansu, which was once one of the most distribution areas and contains more than 10,000 t Zhong-Mahuang. Muzei-Mahuang was distinguished in most places and distributed sparsely around Altay Mountains in northeast in Xinjiang. Thus, Cultivation of Mahuang, especially Zhong-Mahuang and Muzei-Mahuang should be greatly developed. At the same time, wild resources of Mahuang must be preserved strictly, i.e., proper method of cutting Ephedra plant could prevent the damage of the resource.

Antitussive activity comparison of three kinds of Stemonae Radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the antitussive activity of three kinds of Stemonae Radix specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, including roots of Stemona sessilifolia, S. japonica and S. tuberosa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The antitussive activity was determined in mouse after cough induction by ammonia aerosol stimulation and the number of cough in 2 min were detected with codeine as positive control.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the decoctions, the total alkaloid fractions and non-alkaloid fractions of S. sessilifolia, S. japonica and three chemical types of S. tuberosa showed significant antitussive effect and exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of coughing. The ED50 values showed that the antitussive activity strength for both total alkaloid fractions and the decoctions are: S. tuberosa (Type I) > S. sessilifolia > S. japonica. The total alkaloid fractions had more potent atitussive activity than the decoctions and non-alkaloid fractions. The antitussive activity strength for the three chemical types of S. tuberosa is: Type I > Type III > Type II. The samples from different producing areas for the same species of Stemonae Radix had no significant differences in antitussive activity. The result also showed that the honey-processed slice had much stronger antitussive activity than raw slice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The antitussive efficacies of Stemonae Radix were influenced by chemical diversity both in same species and among different species, different fractions and processed method.</p>

Impact of pulmonary vein isolation on atrial vagal activity and atrial electrical remodeling / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Objective Mechanisms of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation remain controversy.This study aimed to investigate the impact of PVI on vagal modulation to atria.Methods Eighteen adult mongrel dogs under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups.Bilateral cervical sympathovagal trunks were decentralized and sympathetic effects was blocked by metoprolol administration.Atrial electrical remodeling (AER) was established by rapid right atrial pacing at the rate of 600 bpm for 30 minutes.PVI was performed in group A.Atrial effective refractory period (ERP),vulnerability window (VW) of atrial fibrillation,and sinus rhythm cycle length (SCL) were measured at baseline and during vagal stimulation before and after atrial rapid pacing with and without PVI at fight atrial appendage (RAA),left atrial appendage (LAA),distal coronary sinus (CSd) and proximal coronary sinus (CSp).Results (1) Effects of PVI on vagal modulation:Shortening of SCL during vagal stimulation decreased significantly after PVI compared with that before PVI in group A (P＜0.001).Shortening of ERP during vagal stimulation decreaseed significantly after PVI compared with that before PVI (P＜0.05).VW of atrial fibrillation during vagal stimulation decreased significantly after PVI compared with that before PVI (P＜0.05).(2) Effects of PVI on AER:shortening of ERP before and after atrial rapid pacing increased significantly at baseline and vagal stimulation in group B compared with that in group A (P＜0.05).VW during vagal stimulation increased significantly after atrial rapid pacing in group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion PVI attenuates the vagal modulation to the atria,thereby decreases the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation mediated by vagal activity.PVI releases AER,which maybe contributes to the vagal denervation.Our study indicates that PVI not only can eradicate triggered foci but also modify substrates for AF.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:28-32)

Modulation of vagal activity to atria electrical remodeling resulted from rapid atrial pacing / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Background Atrial electrical remodeling(AER)plays an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of atrialfibrillation.However,little is known about modulation of vagal activilty to AER.This study aimed to investigate the relationshipbetween vagal moduation and AER. Methods Twenty four adult mongrel dogs under general anesthesia were randomized into 3groups.Sympathetic activity was blocked by administration of metoprolol in 3 groups.The changes in vagal modulation to atria afterAER were observed in 10 dogs without vagal interruption in group A.The effects of vagal intervention on AER were investigated in 8dogs with administration of atropine in group B.The impact of aggressively vagal activity on AER was studied in 6 dogs with bilateralcervical vag sympathetic trunLks stimulation during AER in group C.Bilateral cervicall vagosympathetic trunks were decentralized.Multipolar catheters wereplaced into high right atria(RA),coronary sinus(CS)and rightventricle(RV).AER was induced by 600 bpmpacing through RA catheter for 30 minutes.Attial effective refractory period(ERP)and vulnerability window (VW)of atrial fibrillationwere measured with and without vagal stimulation before and after AER.Results In group A,ERP decreased significantly at baselineand during vagal stimulation after AER compared with that beforeAER(all P＜0.05).In group B,ERP remaind unchanged at baselineand vagal stimulation after AER compared with tbat before AER (all P＞0.05).In group C,ERP shortened significantly at baseline andvagal stimulation after AER compared with that before AER(all P＜0.05).ERP shortening after AER in Groups A and C increasedsignificantly than that in group B (all P＜0.05).Atrial fibrillation could not be induced at baseline(VW close to 0) before and after AERin three groups.VW became widen significantly during vagal stimulation after AER compared with that before AER in Groups A and C(all P＜0.05),while VW remained unchanged in group B (VW close to 0).Conclusions Short-term AER results in the decrease inERP.AER is accompanied by the increases in atrial vagal modulation.The increased vagal activity and vagal stimulation promote AER,thereby increase the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation.The interrupted vagal activity attenuates AER.thereby suppresses the atriaIfibrillation mediated by vagal stimutlation.

Analysis of Left Atrial Appendage by Multislice Computed Tomography in Patients With and Without Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation / 中国循环杂志

0.05]. Conclusion:Besides the enlargement of LA,the volume of LAA and the area of LAA ostium were significantly increased in AF patients.Preprocedural assessment of LAA ostium should be helpful for the selection of occlusion devices.Because LAA is be very close to LCX,the selection of AF ablation strategies should be carefully taken to avoid possible damage of LCX.

The changes of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha(6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in the lungs of rats drowned in hypothermic-sea-water / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe changes of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha(6-Keto-PGF1 alpha) and TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1 alpha (T/P) in lungs of rats drowned in hypothermic sea water and to assess their influence on the blood-gas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats of different groups were drowned nearly to death in hypothermic sea water and then taken out of the water rapidly, observed at room temperature, after that the following steps were taken in 5, 15, 30, 60, 240 min and 360 min groups, that were 1 ml arterial blood taken from left heart for blood-gas analysis including pH, PaO2 and PaCO2, rectal temperature observed; at last, the ratio of left dry lungs with left wet lungs was assessed, TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha in right lungs were examined in all above groups and dead group(14 rats dead, only 4 examined).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rectal temperature[(20.13 +/- 0.48) degree C], pH(6.68 +/- 0.03), PaO2[(45.00 +/- 6.30) mm Hg)], TXB2[(97.46 +/- 17.46) ng/L] and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha[(25.59 +/- 8.12) ng/L] dropped to the lowest point in the 5 minutes group(P < 0.01), while PaCO2[(89.18 +/- 5.10) mm Hg] reached the highest point(P < 0.01), all above items from 5 minutes group then showed a recovering tendency, but only the pH in 240 minutes and 360 minutes groups as well as TXB2 in 360 minutes group and dead group reached near the level of normal control groups (P > 0.05); T/P had a rising tendency and reached the highest point in the 360 minutes group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The production and secretion of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha were influenced by hypothermia, hypoxemia and acidosis, the imbalance of T/P could be one of factors influencing the improvement of blood gas index.</p>

The role of mu-opioid receptors in seizure susceptibility induced by kainic acid / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the role of hippocampal mu-opioid receptors (MORs) in the formation of seizure susceptibility induced by kainic acid (KA). Methods The SD rats were injected subcutaneously with a convulsive dose of KA (10 mg/kg). Then mini-osmotic pumps were used for intrahippocampal injection with a selective MOR antagonist ?-FNA, and a selective MOR agonist PL017 in these rats. 7 days later, the seizure susceptibility was checked by a subthreshold dose of KA (5 mg/kg). Results All animals showed motor seizures over Stage 4 after a convulsive dose KA injection. 7 days later, 100% animals showed seizures over Stage 4 in KA, CSF + KA and PL017+KA groups after injection of subthreshold dose of KA, but only 28.5% in PL017+KA group. Mean latency of PL017+KA group was (10.1?3.0) minutes, shorter significantly than that of KA and CSF+KA groups (0.010.05). The mean stage of ?-FNA + KA group was 1.7?0.1, being reduced significantly as compared with the stages of other three groups ( P

Influences of Ca~(2+) antagonist on the mRNA levels of L-type Ca_(2+) channel and Na~+ -Ca~(2+) exchanger in the atria of hypertensive rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the mRNA changes of L-type Ca~(2+) channel ?_(1C) subunit (CaL-?_(1C)) and Na~+-Ca~(2+) exchanger (NCX) in the atria of renovascular hypertensive rats. METHODS: Two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups 1 week after operation, HD group was treated with 250 mg/d diltiazem, LD group was treated with 50 mg/d diltiazem, control group (C group) was treated with vehicle. After 4 weeks treatment, semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to estimate the mRNA changes of CaL-?_(1C) and NCX, and GAPDH was used as internal control. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure in LD group was comparable with C group, and that in HD group was decreased to normal level after diltiazem treatment. In C group, CaL-?_(1C) mRNA level were 2.5, 2.4 and 2.1 times of S, HD and LD group, and NCX mRNA level were 1.9, 1.6 and 2.1 times of S, HD and LD group. There were no significant difference in the mRNA level of CaL-?_(1C) and NCX among S, HD and LD group. CONCLUSION: The mRNA levels of CaL-?_(1C) and NCX are upregulated in the atria of hypertensive rats. Ca~(2+) antagonist inhibits their upregulation independent of blood pressure.